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Simple English · Dossier 31

Where Does Your Church Land?

This page asks three questions about fifty-two churches. Are babies baptized? Does baptism forgive sins? Are the bread and the cup Christ’s body and blood? For most of Christian history, the answer to all three was yes, everywhere. Today many churches say no to all three. Many others say yes to one and no to two. Almost nobody has seen the whole picture in one place. Here it is.

What the title means

“Where does your church land?” means: where does your church stand? In which group is it? This page puts fifty-two churches into groups by three questions.

The question

What is this page about?

Every church in the world believed three things for a very long time.

  1. The babies of Christian families are baptized.
  2. Baptism is for the forgiveness of sins.
  3. The bread and the cup of the Lord’s Supper are the body and blood of Christ.

In the 1520s, some churches began to hold fewer of these. Some kept all three. Some kept two. Very many kept none.

Nobody prints the list. That is strange, because these are not small questions. They come up every time a baby is born and every time a church holds the Lord’s Supper.

So this page prints the list. There is one line for each church and three answers. Each answer comes from that church’s own book of rules or statement of belief. It is what the churches say about themselves. It is not what other people say about them.

Main point

This page is not an argument. It is a list. You can check it and see where you stand.

What this page does not do

It does not say that any of the three teachings is right or wrong. Other pages on this site do that. It does not discuss how much water is used in baptism. It does not decide who is a real Christian. It records what the books of rules say. Sometimes one local church does something different.

Part 1

The short answer

  1. The churches are not spread out evenly. There are eighty possible ways to answer the three questions. The fifty-two churches use only fifteen of them. They stand close together in a few groups.
  2. The biggest group has eighteen churches. They all say no to all three. In this group are the Amish and the Southern Baptists, Mennonites and Pentecostals, Seventh-day Adventists and the newest independent church in town. These people would argue with each other about almost everything else.
  3. The three questions do not go together. Four churches do not baptize babies, but they teach that baptism forgives sins. Three do not baptize babies, but they teach that Christ is truly received in the Lord’s Supper. If you know one answer, you cannot guess the other two.
  4. The name of a church does not tell you much. A Baptist church on one corner may have a higher teaching about the Lord’s Supper than the church with a tower on the other corner. The Methodist rules say that babies should be baptized, but many Methodist churches do not do it.
  5. The churches that kept all three are the churches that separated first. The church of Rome, the Greek churches of the East, the churches that left in the year 451, and the church that left in 431 have spoken against each other for 1,500 years. And they give the same three answers. So these three teachings are older than those fights.
  6. There is a hole in the middle. Churches are at the top, a little below the top, low down, or at zero. Almost nothing is in between. A slow change would not look like this.
Where this page stands

The table is fact. You can check every answer in one evening.

The last column is opinion. It gives a number for how close each church is to the church of the first five hundred years. It measures only these three things. It does not measure how a church is led or anything else. It does not say that a church is faithful, or right, or good. And it says nothing at all about the people in the church.

Part 2

Four churches that people think they know

Most people guess wrongly about these four churches. Many members of these churches guess wrongly too. But each answer is written in a text that anyone can read.

1. A Baptist church that follows the old Baptist statement of 1689. Everyone knows that they baptize adults and not babies. But what does their statement say about the Lord’s Supper? It says that people who eat truly receive Christ, in a spiritual way. This is almost word for word what the Presbyterians wrote in 1646. But be careful: many churches that use this name today do not hold this.

2. The United Methodist Church. What does its book of rules say about babies? It says that the baptism of young children must be kept in the church. John Wesley himself put this sentence into the book in 1784. But many local churches do not do it. This is the widest difference on this page between what a church says and what it does.

3. The Churches of Christ. They have no central office and no creed, and they do not baptize babies. What do they teach about baptism? They teach that it is for the forgiveness of sins. So a church can say no to the baptism of babies and still say that baptism forgives sins.

4. The Church of God in Christ. It is the largest Pentecostal church in America. What does its statement say about a person who takes the Lord’s Supper? It says that by faith his soul enters a special union with the risen Christ. This is a higher teaching than in any other Pentecostal church on this page.

Part 3

What the last column means

Word to know

Closeness

In this table, “closeness” is a number from 0 to 10. It answers one question only: on these three points, how close is this church to the church of the first five hundred years?

0 means farthest. The church holds none of the three things that the early church held.

10 means closest. The church holds all three.

How is the number made? Each of the three answers gets a mark from 0 to 3.

  • 3: the church holds what the early church held.
  • 2: it holds nearly the same thing in other words, or it allows the practice but does not expect it.
  • 1: it half holds it. It says one thing in one place and something different in another place.
  • 0: it holds the opposite, or it does not do it at all.

The three marks are added and changed into a number out of ten.

This number does not measure anything else

It does not show that a church is faithful, or follows the Bible, or is well led. It says nothing about the people in the church. A church with a low number here may be a very good church. The number is about three teachings. It is also the one column on this page that is opinion and not fact.

Part 4

The table of fifty-two churches

The churches are in order from the highest number to the lowest. All churches with the same group letter gave the same three answers.

ChurchAre babies baptized?What does baptism do?What is the Lord’s Supper?GroupCloseness (0 to 10)
Catholic ChurchYesIt forgives sinsThe bread and wine become Christ’s body and bloodC10
Eastern Orthodox ChurchYesIt forgives sinsThe bread and wine become Christ’s body and bloodC10
Oriental Orthodox churches (Coptic, Syriac, Armenian, Ethiopian, Malankara)YesIt forgives sinsThe bread and wine become Christ’s body and bloodC10
Assyrian Church of the EastYesIt forgives sinsThe bread and wine become Christ’s body and bloodC10
Lutheran Church-Missouri SynodYesIt forgives sinsChrist’s body and blood, with the bread and wineF10
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran SynodYesIt forgives sinsChrist’s body and blood, with the bread and wineF10
Evangelical Lutheran Church in AmericaYesIt forgives sinsChrist’s body and blood, with the bread and wineF10
Anglican Communion / The Episcopal ChurchYesGod works through itChrist is truly receivedD8
United Methodist ChurchYesGod works through itChrist is truly receivedD8
African Methodist Episcopal ChurchYesGod works through itChrist is truly receivedD8
Moravian Church in AmericaYesGod works through itChrist is truly receivedD8
Presbyterian Church in AmericaYesA sign and sealChrist is truly receivedB7
Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)YesA sign and sealChrist is truly receivedB7
Orthodox Presbyterian ChurchYesA sign and sealChrist is truly receivedB7
United Reformed Churches / Continental ReformedYesA sign and sealChrist is truly receivedB7
Christian Reformed Church in North AmericaYesA sign and sealChrist is truly receivedB7
Conservative Congregational (Savoy tradition)YesA sign and sealChrist is truly receivedB7
United Church of ChristYesA sign and sealChrist is truly receivedB7
Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)Allowed, but not usualGod works through itChrist is truly receivedI7
Churches of Christ (a cappella)No, only believersIt forgives sinsBread and wine, to rememberE3
Christian Churches and Churches of Christ (independent)No, only believersIt forgives sinsBread and wine, to rememberE3
United Pentecostal Church International (Oneness)No, only believersIt forgives sinsBread and wine, to rememberE3
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsNo, only believersIt forgives sinsBread and wine, to rememberE3
Reformed Baptist (1689 confession)No, only believersA sign and sealChrist is truly receivedH3
Non-denominational: Reformed-leaning, elder-ledNo, only believersA sign and sealChrist is truly receivedH3
Church of God in ChristNo, only believersA picture onlyChrist is truly receivedJ3
Evangelical Free Church of AmericaAllowed, but not usualA sign and sealBread and wine, to rememberK3
Church of the NazareneAllowed, but not usualA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberL2
Messianic Jewish congregationsNo, only believersGod works through itBread and wine, to rememberM2
Unitarian Universalist AssociationAllowed, but not usualSomething elseSomething elseN1
Mennonite Church USANo, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
Amish and Old Order MennoniteNo, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
Church of the Brethren / Brethren ChurchNo, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
Southern Baptist ConventionNo, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
American Baptist Churches USANo, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
Free Will BaptistNo, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
Primitive BaptistNo, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
Landmark Baptist (American Baptist Association)No, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
Assemblies of GodNo, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)No, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
Foursquare ChurchNo, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
Vineyard (Association of Vineyard Churches)No, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
Calvary ChapelNo, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
Independent charismatic / word-of-faith congregationsNo, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
Seventh-day Adventist ChurchNo, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
Non-denominational: seeker and attractional modelNo, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
Non-denominational: Bible church, dispensationalNo, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
Non-denominational: charismatic multi-siteNo, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to rememberA0
Christian Science (Church of Christ, Scientist)No water baptismSomething elseSomething elseG0
The Salvation ArmyNo water baptismSomething elseSomething elseG0
Religious Society of Friends (Quakers, unprogrammed)No water baptismSomething elseSomething elseG0
Jehovah’s WitnessesNo, only believersA picture onlySomething elseO0
Part 5

Who is in a group with whom?

A group is all the churches that gave the same three answers. Nobody planned these groups. They appear when we sort fifty-two churches by three answers.

GroupHow many churchesBabies baptized?BaptismThe Lord’s SupperCloseness
A18No, only believersA picture onlyBread and wine, to remember0
B7YesA sign and sealChrist is truly received7
C4YesIt forgives sinsThe bread and wine become Christ’s body and blood10
D4YesGod works through itChrist is truly received8
E4No, only believersIt forgives sinsBread and wine, to remember3
F3YesIt forgives sinsChrist’s body and blood, with the bread and wine10
G3No water baptismSomething elseSomething else0
H2No, only believersA sign and sealChrist is truly received3
I1Allowed, but not usualGod works through itChrist is truly received7
J1No, only believersA picture onlyChrist is truly received3
K1Allowed, but not usualA sign and sealBread and wine, to remember3
L1Allowed, but not usualA picture onlyBread and wine, to remember2
M1No, only believersGod works through itBread and wine, to remember2
N1Allowed, but not usualSomething elseSomething else1
O1No, only believersA picture onlySomething else0

Look at Group A. It has eighteen churches. Then think how little these churches share in other things.

Part 6

Where is your church?

Answer three questions about the church where you worship. Answer from what is really taught and done there.

  1. When a baby is born to a family in your church, what usually happens? Is the baby baptized? Or is the baby dedicated, with baptism later?
  2. What does your church teach that baptism does? Does it forgive sins? Does God work through it? Is it a sign and seal? Or is it only a picture of something that has already happened?
  3. What does your church teach about the bread and the cup? Are they Christ’s body and blood? Is Christ truly received? Or are they bread and wine to remember him?

Now find your three answers in the table. You will see your group, and the other churches in it.

What to do

The easiest way to check

Ask. Do not ask it as a test. Ask it as a normal question to the person who teaches in your church.

The question to ask

What do we believe that baptism does? And what do we believe that the bread and the cup are?

Maybe the answer is what you expected. Then you know your church well. Maybe the answer is different. Then you have learned something useful in one minute. And maybe the honest answer is, “We have never really asked that question.” That is an answer too. It is the most common answer in the largest group on this page.

One more thing takes ten minutes and costs nothing. Read your own church’s statement of faith from start to end, with these three questions in your hand. See which of them it answers. Many statements of faith do not answer any of them.

The full page gives the exact words of each church’s own text, with the place where you can find them. It also gives a paragraph about each of the fifty-two churches and explains its number.

Main points
  • For most of Christian history, all churches said yes to all three questions.
  • Today fifty-two churches stand in only fifteen groups.
  • The largest group, eighteen churches, says no to all three.
  • The churches that separated earliest in history still give the same three answers.

The Bible words on this page come from the World English Bible. It is a modern translation, and anyone may copy it. The quick version and the full dossier use the King James Version, which is older and harder to read. The words are different, but the meaning is the same.

Want to read more?

The quick version says the same things in ordinary English and adds short exercises. The full dossier gives all the evidence and names every source.

Read the quick version → Read the full dossier →
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